Early Twentieth-Century
Building Styles,
1905-1925
Arts and Crafts, 1900-1915
This style emerged from the pages of Craftsman Magazine (1901-170), a publication containing articles by designers, artisans, and architects sympathetic to the Arts and Crafts movement in America. As a style of architecture, it was mostly adapted to domestic designs, along with small civic commissions like schools, libraries, city halls and small churches.
Arts and Crafts houses are generally large, two-story buildings that emphasize such elements of their wood frame construction as rafters, purlins, and ridge beams. Some examples of the style also had half-timbering reminiscent of English Tudor architecture. Porches and verandas aided in creating an impression of informal living and seemed to unite the house with the landscape.
In the interiors, natural materials such as stained or oiled wood achieved a cozy, informal quality. Interiors featured inglenooks, tiled fireplaces, built-in bench seats, wood paneling and wainscoting, and metal fixtures whose surfaces often had the appearance of a hand-beaten finish. The innovative Arts and Crafts design philosophy also had an influence upon the Prairie School style.
Characteristics:
--large, two-story buildings, often with moderated to steeply pitched roofs pierced by gables and dormers
--wide porches
--side, overhanging eaves
--cobblestone and/or brick (especially clinker brick) foundations
--shingle and/or stucco on exterior walls
--exposed framing members such as rafters, purlins, and ridge beams
--exposed framing members with panels infilled with stucco
--casement windows with stained and leaded glass or double-hung windows with small square lights in the upper half
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